The strongest risk factor for adenocarcinoma, on the other hand, is chronic GERD and Barrett's esophagus.

另一方面，腺癌最强的危险因素是慢性胃食管反流病与Barrett食管。

An endoscopy and biopsy can be done to diagnose Barrett's esophagus.

内镜和活检可以诊断Barrett食管。

Mucosal damage can cause inflammation, or esophagitis, which can lead to complications like stenosis and Barrett's esophagus.

粘膜损伤可引起炎症，即食管炎，这可能导致并发症，比如食管狭窄和Barrett食管。

This causes the epithelium of the lower esophagus to constantly renew, and when it's replaced by columnar epithelium, that's called Barrett's esophagus.

这使得食管下段的上皮不断更新，当其被柱状上皮取代时，叫做Barrett食管。

The presence of acid in the esophagus can lead to Barrett's esophagus, a serious complication of GERD where the normal mucosa of the esophagus is replaced by one that's similar to that of the intestines.

食道中酸的存在可导致Barrett食管，这是GERD的一种严重并发症：患者原本正常的食道粘膜被类似于肠的粘膜替代。

Also, an endoscopy - which is when a tube with a camera at the end is placed into the esophagus - and a biopsy, are essential to diagnose Barrett's esophagus and to evaluate the risk of cancer.

此外，内镜检查（也就是将末端带摄像头的管子放入食管内）以及活检，均对诊断Barrett食管和评估患癌风险是必不可少的。

The presence of acid in the esophagus can lead to Barrett's esophagus, which is when the squamous epithelium lining the esophagus is replaced by a columnar epithelium, similar to that of the intestines, that's better adapted to withstand the acidity.

食管中存在胃酸会导致Barrett食管，即食管的鳞状上皮细胞被柱状上皮替代，变得很像小肠的上皮；柱状上皮是更加适应酸性环境的上皮类型。