中校是军队的职衔，介于少校和上校之间。英文里，陆军以及由它衍生出来的军种的中校称为Lieutenant Colonel，美国海军中校称为Commander。英国空军中校则称为Wing Commander（大队长）。

中校在美国陆军主要担任营长职务，在******主要担任营长、群部单位主官或高司单位参谋，*****的陆军作战部队则可担任营长、副团长、团长。日本称为中佐，自卫队则特称为二佐。

For the use of this rank in other countries, see Lieutenant colonel.

Oberstleutnant (German pronunciation:[oːbɐstlɔʏtnant]) is a German Army and German Air Force rank equal to Lieutenant Colonel, above Major, and below Oberst.

⇒ Artikle: Ranks of the German Bundeswehr
⇒ Artikle: Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr

There are two paygrade associated to the rank of Oberstleutnant. Paygrade A14 is the standard level paygrade whereas A15 is assigned to senior Oberstleutnant personnel.