S.M.A.R.T.，全称为“Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology”，即“自我监测、分析及报告技术”，是一种自动的硬盘状态检测与预警系统和规范。通过在硬盘硬件内的检测指令对硬盘的硬件如磁头、盘片、马达、电路的运行情况进行监控、记录并与厂商所设定的预设安全值进行比较，若监控情况将或已超出预设安全值的安全范围，就可以通过主机的监控硬件或软件自动向用户作出警告并进行轻微的自动修复，以提前保障硬盘数据的安全。除一些出厂时间极早的硬盘外，现在大部分硬盘均配备该项技术。

S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology; often written as SMART) is a monitoring system included in computer hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs) that detects and reports on various indicators of drive reliability, with the intent of enabling the anticipation of hardware failures.