南天麻（学名：Gastrodia javanica），又名爪哇赤箭，为兰科天麻属下的一个种。

Gastrodia javanica or Javanese Chijian (Japanese: 爪哇赤箭) is an epiparasitic species of orchid native to Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The species normally grows to a height of 20 to 80 centimeters, and has pale yellow or green-yellow flowers.