Ẓāhirī

Ẓāhirī (Arabic:ظاهري‎) madhhab or al-Ẓāhirīyyah (Arabic:الظاهرية‎) — a school of thought in Islamic jurisprudence founded by Dawud ibn Khalaf in the ninth century CE, characterized by reliance on the manifest (zahir) meaning of expressions in the Qur'an and hadith as well as rejection of analogical deduction (qiyas). After a limited success and decline in the Middle East, the Zahiri school flourished in Spain, particularly under the leadership of Ibn Hazm.