Threat modeling addresses two distinct, but related, topics in computer security:

It is often useful to define many separate threat models for one computer system. Each model defines a narrow set of possible attacks to focus on. A threat model can help to assess the probability, the potential harm, the priority etc., of attacks, and thus help to minimize or eradicate the threats. More recently, threat modeling has become an integral part of Microsoft's SDL (Security Development Lifecycle) process. A 2015 report, the "DoD Comprehensive Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Smart Device Control Station Threat Model" emphasizes a holistic approach to Threat Modelling and the need for a full analysis of the threats modelled. Most organizations will need to take the more cost-effective approach of targeting those issues and resources of most importance to them. In any case the threat model by itself will not change the security of the organization until an analysis of the threats leads to mitigations of those most likely to harm the organization or the resources that it wants to protect.