在密码学中，流加密（英语：Stream cipher），又译为串流加密、数据流加密，是一种对称加密算法，加密和解密双方使用相同伪随机加密数据流（pseudo-random stream）作为密钥，明文数据每次与密钥数据流顺次对应加密，得到密文数据流。实践中数据通常是一个位（bit）并用异或（xor）操作加密。

该算法解决了对称加密完善保密性（perfect secrecy）的实际操作困难。「完善保密性」由克劳德·香农于1949年提出。由于完善保密性要求密钥长度不短于明文长度，故而实际操作存在困难，改由较短数据流通过特定算法得到密钥流。

A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher each plaintext digit is encrypted one at a time with the corresponding digit of the keystream, to give a digit of the ciphertext stream. Since encryption of each digit is dependent on the current state of the cipher, it is also known as state cipher. In practice, a digit is typically a bit and the combining operation an exclusive-or (XOR)(see cipher).