红秧鸡（Aphanapteryx bonasia），是毛里裘斯经已灭绝的特有种。根据其大量的骨头、一些描述及手绘，得知牠们是不会飞的鸟，比小鸡大些，约有50厘米长。牠们全身的羽毛都呈红褐色的绒毛状。尾巴已经不能看见，而双翼则差不多消失了。牠的喙长而弯曲，双脚较长。整体上牠们很像鹬鸵。

红秧鸡自1602年就在很多文献中被讨论，但很多数据都是重复的。大部份数据都是来自Joris Hoefnagel，他于1600年左右曾替鲁道夫二世绘了一幅红秧鸡的画。弗朗西斯科·巴塞洛（Francesco Bassano the Younger）的《Arca di Noè》（挪亚方舟）画中亦有像红秧鸡的动物，但巴塞洛是在荷兰殖民于毛里裘斯前已经去世，他画中红秧鸡的出处就成了一个谜。

The red rail (Aphanapteryx bonasia) is an extinct, flightless rail. It was endemic to the Mascarene island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. It had a close relative on Rodrigues island, the likewise extinct Rodrigues rail, with which it is sometimes considered congeneric. Its relationship with other rails is unclear. Rails often evolve flightlessness when adapting to isolated islands, free of mammalian predators.