Jan Evangelista Purkyně
（重定向自Jan Evangelista Purkinje）
![](/Images/godic/202501/21/Jan_Evangelista_Purkyne_23021.jpg")
![Personal sigil 1837](/Images/godic/202501/21/Osobní_pečeť_-_Jan_Evangelista_Purkyně_18373021.jpg")
![Purkinje effect: simulated appearance of a red geranium and foliage in normal bright-light (photopic) vision, dusk (mesopic) vision, and night (scotopic) vision](/Images/godic/202501/21/Red_geranium_photoic_mesopic_scotopic3021.jpg")
Jan Evangelista Purkyně (Czech:[ˈjan ˈɛvaŋɡɛlɪsta ˈpurkɪɲɛ]; also written Johann Evangelist Purkinje) (17 December or 18 December 1787 – 28 July 1869) was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. He was one of the best known scientists of his time. In 1839, he coined the term 'protoplasm' for the fluid substance of a cell. His son was the painter Karel Purkyně. Such was his fame that when people from outside Europe wrote letters to him, all that they needed to put as the address was "Purkyně, Europe".