伸展树（英语：Splay Tree）是一种二叉查找树，它能在O(log n)内完成插入、查找和删除操作。它是由丹尼尔·斯立特（Daniel Sleator）和罗伯特·塔扬在1985年发明的。

在伸展树上的一般操作都基于伸展操作：假设想要对一个二叉查找树执行一系列的查找操作，为了使整个查找时间更小，被查频率高的那些条目就应当经常处于靠近树根的位置。于是想到设计一个简单方法， 在每次查找之后对树进行重构，把被查找的条目搬移到离树根近一些的地方。伸展树应运而生。伸展树是一种自调整形式的二叉查找树，它会沿着从某个节点到树根之间的路径，通过一系列的旋转把这个节点搬移到树根去。

A splay tree is a self-adjusting binary search tree with the additional property that recently accessed elements are quick to access again. It performs basic operations such as insertion, look-up and removal in O(log n) amortized time. For many sequences of non-random operations, splay trees perform better than other search trees, even when the specific pattern of the sequence is unknown. The splay tree was invented by Daniel Dominic Sleator and Robert Endre Tarjan in 1985.