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Variation among humans is limited to the possible permutations of our genes.人与人之间的差异受我们可能携有的基因序列的限制。Research on genes should open the door to exciting new medical treatments.基因研究应该会为令人振奋的新疗法的诞生创造机会。The data derived from this project has increased our knowledge of how genes work.这个项目得出的数据加深了我们对基因作用机制的认识。More studies will be required before we know what the functions of these genes are and whether they relate to each other.要弄清这些基因的功能以及它们彼此之间是否关联，我们还需要开展更多的研究。The genes are mutated by irradiation or chemicals.基因会因为放射或化学药物而发生突变。The technique has been to mutate the genes by irradiation or chemicals.该技术是通过放射线照射或者使用化学方法使基因变异。Their work includes the identification of genes which govern the growth rate and fertility.他们的工作包括找出那些控制生长率和繁殖能力的基因。Natural selection ensures only the fittest survive to pass their genes on to the next generation.自然选择确保只有最适应环境的物种得以存活下来，把基因传给下一代。Scientists hope that the insertion of normal genes into the diseased cells will provide a cure.科学家们希望在病变细胞里植入正常基因会成为一种新的有效疗法。Each set of genes is unique to the individual.每一组基因都是各人特有的。An offspring from a short and a tall parent may be medium-sized; but it carries genes for shortness and tallness.父母一高一矮，其子女可能是中等身材，但是会携带矮个和高个的基因。An individual may pass on to future generations its genes for tallness.一个人身高的基因可能会遗传给其后代。Transplanting genes from one plant to another may have unintended side effects for the environment and the food supply.把一种植物的基因移植到另一种可能会对环境和食物供应造成意想不到的后果。The overwhelming majority of these mutant genes are harmful to the organisms in which they arise.这些突变基因中的绝大多数会对所在的有机体有害。Embryonic development seems to be controlled principally by a very small number of master genes.胚胎发育似乎主要受制于少数主导基因。We know a lot about the structure of genes now.如今我们对基因的结构有了较多的了解。We are learning about how genes are organized.我们在了解基因是如何排列的。She inherited a good set of genes from her parents.她继承了父母的良好基因。Each individual receives two genes, one inherited from each parent.每个人都有两个基因，一个来自母亲，一个来自父亲。We performed a comparative analysis of genes from different species.我们比较分析了不同物种的基因。We could carry that one step further by taking the same genes and putting them into another crop.我们可以再进一步，把相同的基因取出来植入另一种作物。Environmental pressures encourage genes with certain mutations to persist and others to die out.环境的影响使发生了某些突变的基因存活下来，另一些则消亡了。Scientists would soon be able to manipulate human genes to control the ageing process.科学家们很快将能通过操控人类基因来控制衰老过程。We may be able to identify the genes responsible for disease resistance.我们也许能识别出抗病基因。The students seem to have a reasonable level of understanding of how genes work.学生们似乎对基因的作用原理有一定的理解。It's impossible to say how much a person's behaviour is predetermined by their genes.很难说一个人的行为有多少是由遗传基因预先决定的。There has been a breakthrough in the identification of cancer genes.在识别癌症基因方面已经取得了突破。This giant spider was created out of the mutation of the genes of a normal spider.这只大蜘蛛是因为普通蜘蛛的基因突变而造成的。 |