延胡索酸，又名富马酸、紫堇酸或地衣酸，即反丁烯二酸（IUPAC名为(E)-丁烯二酸），是一种无色、易燃的晶体，由丁烯衍生出的羧酸。它的化学式是C₄H₄O₄。燃烧延胡索酸会发布带有刺激性的顺丁烯二酐烟熏。它的味道像水果，并在延胡索属、牛肝菌属、地衣及冰岛海苔中可以发现。

延胡索酸用于制造聚酯树脂及多元醇，以及作为染料的媒染剂或是调味料。它是一种普遍的食物添加剂及膳食补充剂，且有时在饮料或发酵粉中作为酒石酸的代用物。

Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is the chemical compound with the formula HO₂CCH=CHCO₂H. This white crystalline compound is one of two isomeric unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the other being maleic acid. In fumaric acid the carboxylic acid groups are trans (E) and in maleic acid they are cis (Z). Fumaric acid has a fruit-like taste. The salts and esters are known as fumarates.