罗马元老院（拉丁语：Senatus）是一个审议的团体，它在罗马共和国与罗马帝国的政府中扮演着极其重要的角色。

罗马元老院的拉丁语“Senatus”来自拉丁字“senex”（老人或长者）；西赛罗曾说，“Senate”是公众事务（res publica）的引导者、辩护者和捍卫者。

The Roman Senate was a political institution in ancient Rome. It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, being established in the first days of the city (traditionally founded in 753 BC). It survived the overthrow of the kings in 509 BC, the fall of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC, the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, and the barbarian rule of Rome in the 5th, 6th, and 7th centuries.