国家亲权（拉丁文：Parens patriae，英文：parent of the nation），是以国家公权利干预失职的父母亲或法定监护人，进而扮演父母的角色以保护儿童。

Parens patriae is Latin for "parent of the nation" (lit., "parent of the fatherland"). In law, it refers to the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent, legal guardian or informal caretaker, and to act as the parent of any child or individual who is in need of protection. For example, some children, incapacitated individuals, and disabled individuals lack parents who are able and willing to render adequate care, thus requiring state intervention.