克尔效应（Kerr effect），也称「二次电光效应」，是物质因响应外电场的作用而改变其折射率的一种效应。克尔效应与泡克耳斯效应不同，前者感应出的折射率改变与外电场平方成正比，后者则与外电场成线性关系；前者可以在液体或非晶物质出现，后者只出现于没有对称中心的晶体物质。克尔效应或多或少会出现在每一种物质，但在某些液体会比较显著。这效应最先由苏格兰科学家约翰·克尔（John Kerr）在1878年发现。

克尔效应又分为克尔电光效应与克尔光学效应。

The Kerr effect, also called the quadratic electro-optic effect (QEO effect), is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field. The Kerr effect is distinct from the Pockels effect in that the induced index change is directly proportional to the square of the electric field instead of varying linearly with it. All materials show a Kerr effect, but certain liquids display it more strongly than others. The Kerr effect was discovered in 1875 by John Kerr, a Scottish physicist.