奥卡姆的威廉（William of Ockham/Occam，约1285年－1349年），又译为奥坎、奥康，出生于英格兰的萨里郡奥卡姆（Ockham），在大学注册为奥卡姆的威廉。14世纪逻辑学家、圣方济各会修士。

奥坎早年就加入了方济会。据记载，他于1309－1321年间在牛津大学学习神学，但一直未获得硕士（Master）学位（相当于现在的学士）。之后，又在巴黎大学求学，能言善辩，被人称为“驳不倒的博士”。

1322年左右他发表一些言论，主张教会不应拥有私人财产，与当时的罗马教廷不合，被教皇约翰二十二世宣称为“异端”，1324年囚禁在法国的亚威农教皇监狱。教会聘请六位神学家专门研究其著作，有51篇被判为“异端邪说”。1328年5月他在夜里越狱，逃往意大利比萨城。神圣罗马帝国皇帝路易四世收留他，作为回报威廉撰书支持路易四世拥有控制所有在神圣罗马帝国内的教会和领土的权利。 后定居慕尼黑。

William of Ockham (/ˈɒkəm/; also Occam, from Latin:Gulielmus Occamus; c. 1287 – 1347) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher and theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the fourteenth century. He is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics, and theology. In the Church of England, his day of commemoration is 10 April.