伪关系（英语：spurious relationship，又称为虚假关系），指在两个没有因果关系的事件，可能基于其他未见的干扰因素（confounding factor；或称潜在变量：lurking variable），显示出统计学上的相关，让人很容易猜想「两个事件有所联系」，然而这种联系并不能通过更加精细的检验。

另外，伪相关现象出现的另一种情形是在变数个数很多但抽样样本量不大时，即使这些变量互相独立，也有很大可能得出变量之间高相关性的伪关系。

In statistics, a spurious relationship (not to be confused with spurious correlation) is a mathematical relationship in which two events or variables have no direct causal connection, yet it may be wrongly inferred that they do, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor (referred to as a "common response variable", "confounding factor", or "lurking variable"). Suppose there is found to be a correlation between A and B. Aside from coincidence, there are three possible relationships: