Huang Chao (Chinese:黃巢; 835-884) was a Chinese smuggler, soldier, and rebel, and is most well known for being the leader of a major agrarian rebellion that severely weakened the Tang dynasty.

Well-educated, Huang first became a salt smuggler, before joining Wang Xianzhi's rebellion in the mid-870s. After splitting with Wang, his army pillaged and committed the Guangzhou massacre. In 881, his troops captured the capital Chang'an, forcing Emperor Xizong of Tang to flee. Huang proclaimed himself the Qi emperor, but was defeated by the Tang army led by the Shatuo chieftain Li Keyong in 883 and forced to desert Chang'an. Following successive defeats, including to former subordinates Zhu Wen and Shang Rang who surrendered to Tang, Huang was killed by his nephew Lin Yan.