国民自卫军（法文：Garde Nationale）指的是在法国大革命时期，各城市效仿巴黎的国民自卫军组建的民兵组织。这是一支区别于正规军的独立军事力量，最初由拉法耶特侯爵指挥，然后短暂地归Mandat侯爵指挥。直到1792年的夏天它还与资产阶级有密切联系，并支持君主立宪制。国民自卫军对革命有一定影响，但后来被拿破仑解除武装，仅在1809年和1814年被召回用以保卫法兰西。在皇帝被流放后，国民自卫军重建并继续在19世纪的每一次革命中扮演重要角色。

The National Guard (French:la Garde nationale) was a French militia which existed from 1789 until 1872, including a period of official disbandment from 1827 to 1830. It was separate from the French Army and existed both for policing and as a military reserve. For most of its history the National Guard, particularly its officers, were widely viewed as loyal to middle-class interests. However, from 1792-5, the National Guard was perceived as revolutionary and the lower ranks were identified with sans-culottes, and soon after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1, the National Guard in Paris became viewed as dangerously revolutionary, contributing to its dissolution.