渔业科学是研究渔业生产、捕捞、养殖的科学。需要有生物学、生态学、海洋学、经济学和管理科学的知识。广义的还包括水产机械和水产品加工方面。由于海洋中有丰富的鱼类，陆地动物肉类产品过度消耗对人类健康产生威胁，鱼类资源逐渐成为人们蛋白质的主要来源。过度捕捞也引起人们的注意，水产养殖在全球正在成为上升的产业。

Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries. It is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines of limnology, oceanography, freshwater biology, marine biology, conservation, ecology, population dynamics, economics and management to attempt to provide an integrated picture of fisheries. In some cases new disciplines have emerged, as in the case of bioeconomics and fisheries law.