安全协议（英语：security protocol），又称作密码协议（cryptographic protocol）、加密协定（encryption protocol），是以密码学为基础的消息交换协议，其目的是在网络环境中提供各种安全服务。密码学是网络安全的基础，但网络安全不能单纯依靠安全的密码算法。安全协议是网络安全的一个重要组成部分，我们需要通过安全协议进行实体之间的认证、在实体之间安全地分配密钥或其它各种秘密、确认发送和接收的消息的非否认

A security protocol (cryptographic protocol or encryption protocol) is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods, often as sequences of cryptographic primitives. A protocol describes how the algorithms should be used. A sufficiently detailed protocol includes details about data structures and representations, at which point it can be used to implement multiple, interoperable versions of a program.