列车自动保护系统（Automatic Train Protection，缩写：ATP）亦称列车超速防护系统，为列车超过规定速度时即自动制动的系统。

列车超速防护系统分为地面设备与车载设备两大部分，设备功能分述如下：

Automatic train protection (ATP) in Great Britain refers to either of two implementations of a train protection system installed in some trains in order to help prevent collisions through a driver's failure to observe a signal or speed restriction. Note that ATP can also refer to automatic train protection systems in general, as implemented in other parts of Europe and elsewhere.