黑三棱属（学名：Sparganium），属香蒲科，约20余种，分布在北温带和澳洲，中国有约6种，分布在东北到西南一带。

本属植物为水生植物，生长在沼泽地带和湖泊边缘浅水处，有根茎和茎；叶狭长，无柄，直立或浮水；花单性，雌雄同株，每一花序上，雄花束生于雌花束之上，花被由延长的鳞片组成；果实的外果皮为海绵质。

Sparganiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists.

The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. The family consists of only one genus Sparganium of fewer than two dozen species, perennial plants of wet habitats. By the APG III system of 2009, Sparganium had been found to be fairly closely related to Typha, and so was placed with that genus in family Typhaceae.