Ruhland (Sorbian: Rólany) is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 12 km southwest of Senftenberg.

Ruhland station is a major railway junction, for freight and for passenger services. The hourly 4-way connection between locomotive-hauled passenger services converging from Hoyerswerda, Cottbus, Leipzig and Dresden is a most impressive sight.