Finally, there are various conditions like diabetes, bladder cancer, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis, as well as procedures such as prostatectomy or hysterectomy that can damage the nerves involved with the micturition reflex, ultimately leading to urinary incontinence.
Prostatectomy (Greek, -prostates, "prostate", combined with the suffix -ektomē, "excision") is a medical term for the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. This operation is done for benign conditions that cause urinary retention, as well as for prostate cancer and other cancers of the pelvis.