日本冷杉（拉丁语：Abies firma）是冷杉属下的常绿针叶树，主要分布在日本中部和南部，在日本冷杉属中分布在最为温暖的地区，从北端的秋田县到南端的屋久岛。

树高 达40m。冷杉属的树木皮大多为白灰色较多，枞树皮则呈褐色。

在日本的冷杉属中，枞树叶最为硬，大。幼枝生有软毛。叶为硬细针状，先端分尖利两叉，但老木叶先端呈圆状。球果10 - 15cm较大，早为绿色，10月左右熟后变灰褐色。熟后果鳞脱落，不会像松塔一样完整掉落。因松鼠等好食其种，会常见树下有青色果鳞堆落。

Abies firma, the momi fir, is a species of fir native to central and southern Japan, growing at low to moderate altitudes of 50-1600 m.

Abies firma is a medium-sized to large evergreen coniferous tree growing to 50 metres (160 ft) tall and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in trunk diameter, with a broad conical crown of straight branches rising at an angle of about 20° above horizontal. The bark is scaly grey-brown, with resin blisters on young trees. The shoots are grooved, buff to grey-brown, glabrous or finely pubescent. The leaves ("needles") are flattened, 2–5 centimetres (0.79–1.97 in) long and 2–4 millimetres (0.079–0.157 in) broad, spread at nearly right angles from the shoot; the apex is sharp, bifid (double-pointed) on the leaves of young trees, single-pointed on mature trees. They are bright green above, and greyish-green below with two broad stomatal bands. The cones are 7–15 centimetres (2.8–5.9 in) long by 3–5 centimetres (1.2–2.0 in) wide, green maturing yellow-brown, tapering to a 2–3 centimetres (0.79–1.18 in) broad bluntly rounded apex. The scale bracts are exserted 3–6 millimetres (0.12–0.24 in), triangular. The seeds are 7–9 millimetres (0.28–0.35 in) long with a wedge-shaped wing 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) long, are released after the cones disintegrate at maturity in October.