B. advertisements can be misleading due to partial information.

B. 由于信息不完整，广告可能会误导人。

What sorts of decisions do they make with partial information?

他们利用部分信息做出什么样的决定？

The arguments you just read were all based on misunderstandings or partial information.

你刚刚读到的论点都是基于误解或部分信息。

A snooping outside observer would know partial information, but they’d find it very difficult to figure out our shared secret color.

一个窥探的外部观察者会知道部分信息，但他们会发现很难弄清楚我们共有的秘密颜色。