Reactive nitrogen species
（重定向自Nitrosative stress）
![Reactions leading to generation of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Species. From Novo and Parola, 2008.[1]](/Images/godic/202501/29/Reactions_leading_to_generation_of_Nitric_Oxide_and_Reactive_Nitrogen_Species0437.jpg")
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (·NO) and superoxide (O2) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively. NOS2 is expressed primarily in macrophages after induction by cytokines and microbial products, notably interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).