The founder of modern economics was a Scottish philosopher named Adam Smith.

现代经济学的创始人是苏格兰哲学家亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）。

Keynes basically invented modern economics, and developed theories and models about spending and production.

凯恩斯基本上创造了现代经济学，并提出了关于消费和生产的理论和模型。

That is the most heated debate in modern economics, and it's been raging for decades.

这是现代经济学中争论得最激烈的问题，几十年来它一直在流行。

That idea goes against modern economics, where growth is widely considered the best way for nations to build wealth.

这种观点与现代经济学相悖，现代经济学认为经济增长被广泛认为是国家积累财富的最佳方式。

He lived from 1723 to 1790 and became  known as the Father of Modern Economics.

他生活于 1723 年至 1790 年，被称为现代经济学之父。

John Maynard Keynes, one of the fathers of modern economics, once famously described how powerful expectations — or animal spirits, as he called them — can play a powerful role in markets.

现代经济学之父之一的约翰•梅纳德•凯恩斯，曾有过一个著名的描述——强大的预期 (他称之为动物精神)——可以在市场中发挥强大的作用。