吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国（柯尔克孜语：Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы；俄语：Киргизская Советская Социалистическая Республика）是苏联设立的第九个加盟共和国，外高加索联邦被撤销后为第八个加盟共和国，简称吉尔吉斯。吉尔吉斯位于苏联的中亚地区，东部和中国接壤，北部和哈萨克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国相邻，西部是乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国，南部和塔吉克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国相连。首都是伏龙芝（今比什凯克）。

The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirghiz SSR; Kyrgyz:Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы Kyrgyz Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikasy; Russian:Киргизская Советская Социалистическая Республика Kirgizskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also referred to as Soviet Kirghizia or Kirghizia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR). It bordered the Tajik SSR and China to the south, Uzbek SSR to the west and Kazakh SSR to the north. It was governed by the Kirghiz branch of the Soviet Communist Party from 1936 until 1990. In 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was transformed into independent Kyrgyzstan.