Usually, pyelonephritis from hematogenous spread is a consequence of septicemia or bacteremia - which is bacteria in the blood - as well as infective endocarditis, an infection of the inner layer of the heart.
通常情况下，通过血液传播的肾炎是由于败血症或菌血症（即细菌入血）或感染性心内膜炎（即心内膜受感染）。
![](/Images/godic/202501/20/Haemophilus_parainfluenzae_Endocarditis_PHIL_851_lores4221.jpg")
![Vegetation on the tricuspid valve by echocardiography. Arrow denotes the vegetation.](/Images/godic/202501/20/Endocarditis_ultrasound4221.gif")