皇家文学学会（英语：Royal Society of Literature，缩写为RSL），是一所英国学术机构，为英国历史最悠久的文学组织。1820年，在乔治四世时代创建，其宗旨在于奖励杰出的文学才能。会址位于英国伦敦的萨默塞特府。每年固定选出14名新的成员加入，其成员现有450名，称为皇家文学学会院士（Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature，缩写为FRSL）。著名的院士包括了塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、J·R·R·托尔金等人。

The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society and the "senior literary organisation in Britain". It was founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent".

The society's first president was Thomas Burgess, Bishop of St David's (who was later translated as Bishop of Salisbury). The society maintains its current level of about 500 Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature: generally 14 new fellows are elected annually, who are accorded the privilege of using the post-nominal letters FRSL.