In reality, the relationship between Haitian and black Americans at home is characterised by competition for jobs and livelihoods, not a shared admiration for Toussaint Louverture or Jean-Jacques Dessalines, explains George Wilson of the University of Miami.

迈阿密大学的乔治·威尔逊(George Wilson)解释说，事实上，海地人和美国黑人在国内的关系以竞争工作和生计为特征，而不是共同敬佩图森·卢维杜尔(Toussaint Louverture)或让-雅克·德萨林(Jean-Jacques Dessalines)。

On January 1, 1804, Dessalines who had defeated the French, declared the island of Saint-Domingue independent and re-named it Haiti, which is what the island had been called by the native inhabitants before the arrival of Columbus.

1804年1月1日，击败法国人的德萨林宣布圣多明各岛独立，并改名为海地，这是哥伦布到来之前当地居民对海地的称呼。