巴塞尔问题是一个著名的数论问题，这个问题首先由皮耶特罗·门戈利在1644年提出，由莱昂哈德·欧拉在1735年解决。由于这个问题难倒了以前许多的数学家，欧拉一解出这个问题马上就出名了，当时他二十八岁。欧拉把这个问题作了一番推广，他的想法后来被黎曼在1859年的论文《论小于给定大数的质数个数》（On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude）中所采用，论文中定义了黎曼ζ函数，并证明了它的一些基本的性质。这个问题是以瑞士的第三大城市巴塞尔命名的，它是欧拉和伯努利家族的家乡。

The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1644 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734 and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (Russian:Петербургская Академия наук). Since the problem had withstood the attacks of the leading mathematicians of the day, Euler's solution brought him immediate fame when he was twenty-eight. Euler generalised the problem considerably, and his ideas were taken up years later by Bernhard Riemann in his seminal 1859 paper On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude, in which he defined his zeta function and proved its basic properties. The problem is named after Basel, hometown of Euler as well as of the Bernoulli family who unsuccessfully attacked the problem.