破产（英语：Bankruptcy），是一种宣告债务人无力偿付债务及其后的一系列还款予债权人过程的法律进程。

不同国家的破产法律有很大的差异，一般来说常见的破产方式有两种：

资产低于负债不代表破产，企业可能有足够的收入来支付所有到期债务。比如百事可乐分离的百胜公司早期有16亿美元的股东赤字（负的股东权益），但是因为百胜现金流转很强，对此根本没有问题。

Bankruptcy is a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay the debts it owes to creditors. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor.

Bankruptcy is not the only legal status that an insolvent person or other entity may have, and the term bankruptcy is therefore not a synonym for insolvency. In some countries, including the United Kingdom, bankruptcy is limited to individuals, and other forms of insolvency proceedings (such as liquidation and administration) are applied to companies. In the United States, bankruptcy is applied more broadly to formal insolvency proceedings. In France, the cognate French word banqueroute is used solely for cases of fraudulent bankruptcy, whereas the term faillite (cognate of "failure") is used for bankruptcy in accordance with the law.