X-ray absorption near edge structure
![Normal-incidence boron 1s x-ray absorption spectra for two types of BN powder. The cubic phase shows only σ-bonding while the hexagonal phase shows both π and σ bonding.](/Images/godic/202502/21/BnB2432.png")
![Pictorial view of photoelectron scattering processes in the single-scattering regime, EXAFS (this assumes the single scattering approximation... multiple scattering can be considered with EXAFS), and in the multiple scattering regime, XANES. In EXAFS the photoelectron is scattered only by a single neighbour atom, in XANES all the scattering pathways, classified according to the number of scattering event (3), (4), (5) etc. contribute to the absorption cross section.](/Images/godic/202502/21/Single_multiple_scattering2432.jpg")
![The XANES experiments done on plutonium in soil, concrete and standards of the different oxidation states.](/Images/godic/202502/21/PuXANES2432.jpg")
X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), also known as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms.