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词汇 Townsend avalanche
分类 英语词汇 英语翻译词典
释义

Townsend avalanche

原声例句
SciSHow 快问快答小科普

And as they do, they knock electrons off other atoms, in what’s called a Townsend avalanche.

当它们这样做时， 它们将电子从其他原子上撞下来， 这就是所谓的汤森雪崩。

英语百科

Townsend discharge

（重定向自Townsend avalanche）
Avalanche effect in gas subject to ionising radiation between two plate electrodes. The original ionisation event liberates one electron, and each subsequent collision liberates a further electron, so two electrons emerge from each collision to sustain the avalanche.
Voltage-current characteristics of electrical discharge in neon at 1 torr, with two planar electrodes separated by 50 cm. A: random pulses by cosmic radiation B: saturation current C: avalanche Townsend discharge D: self-sustained Townsend discharge E: unstable region: corona discharge F: sub-normal glow discharge G: normal glow discharge H: abnormal glow discharge I: unstable region: glow-arc transition J: electric arc K: electric arc A-D region: dark discharge; ionisation occurs, current below 10 microamps. F-H region: glow discharge; the plasma emits a faint glow. I-K region: arc discharge; larges amounts of radiation produced.
Neon lamp/cold-cathode gas diode relaxation oscillator
Plot of variation of ionisation current against applied voltage for a co-axial wire cylinder gaseous radiation detector.

The Townsend discharge or Townsend avalanche is a gas ionisation process where free electrons are accelerated by an electric field, collide with gas molecules, and consequently free additional electrons. Those electrons are in turn accelerated and free additional electrons. The result is an avalanche multiplication that permits electrical conduction through the gas. The discharge requires a source of free electrons and a significant electric field; without both, the phenomenon does not occur.
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