Toric code

The toric code is a topological quantum error correcting code, and an example of a stabilizer code, defined on a two-dimensional spin lattice It is the simplest and most well studied of the quantum double models. It is also the simplest example of topological order—Z₂ topological order (first studied in the context of Z₂ spin liquid in 1991). The toric code can also be considered to be a Z₂ lattice gauge theory in a particular limit. It was introduced by Alexei Kitaev.