On the other hand, a PDA can be associated with other congenital problems, for example, congenital rubella syndrome, where the mother contracts rubella virus during her pregnancy.

另一方面，动脉导管未闭可能与其他先天性疾病相关，比如先天性风疹综合征，源于母亲在怀孕期间感染了风疹病毒。