核酸酶保护分析（英语：Nuclease protection assay，亦称为核糖核酸酶保护测定）是一项用于生物化学与遗传学的实验室技术，可用以从细胞中提取出来混杂的RNA样本中鉴定出单独的RNA。此技术可以在即使总浓度很低的情况下鉴定一种或多种已知串行的RNA分子。被提取出来的RNA首先与反义RNA或DNA探针相混合，探针是与被研究的串行相互补的，接下来互补链相互杂交以形成双链RNA（或DNA-RNA杂交分子）。此混合物接下来接触核糖核酸酶，这种酶特异性地切割仅为单链的RNA，但对双链RNA来说没有作用。当反应进行完全时，易受影响的RNA区域被降解为非常短的低聚物或单个核苷酸；存留下来的RNA片段是与之前所加进的反义链相互补的RNA，因此包含目的串行。

Nuclease protection assay is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells. The technique can identify one or more RNA molecules of known sequence even at low total concentration. The extracted RNA is first mixed with antisense RNA or DNA probes that are complementary to the sequence or sequences of interest and the complementary strands are hybridized to form double-stranded RNA (or a DNA-RNA hybrid). The mixture is then exposed to ribonucleases that specifically cleave only single-stranded RNA but have no activity against double-stranded RNA. When the reaction runs to completion, susceptible RNA regions are degraded to very short oligomers or to individual nucleotides; the surviving RNA fragments are those that were complementary to the added antisense strand and thus contained the sequence of interest.