Including one about how photography's rise in the mid-1800s coincided with a new religious movement gaining ground in the US and Europe: Spiritualism.

唯灵论。

This set off a series of new religious movements that radically opposed Catholic dogma.

这引发了一系列激进地反对天主教教义的新宗教运动。

From the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century to the rise of new religious movements in the 19th century, every era of social change historically has been followed by a wave of new believers and fanatical behavior.

无论是 16 世纪的新教改革，还是 19 世纪 层出不穷的新教运动，历史上每个 社会变革的时代都伴随着一大波新信徒和狂热行为。

Jesus of Nazareth leading a new religious movement, or Martin Luther King Jr. leading thousands of people in the civil rights movement are examples of personalities that mobilized precisely this kind of authority.

领导新宗教运动的拿撒勒人耶稣， 或领导成千上万民权运动的马丁路德金，都是动员这种权威的人物的例子。