共轭梯度法（英语：Conjugate gradient method），是求解数学特定线性方程组的数值解的方法，其中那些矩阵为对称和正定。共轭梯度法是一个迭代方法，它适用于稀疏矩阵线性方程组，因为这些系统对于像Cholesky分解这样的直接方法太大了。这种方程组在数值求解偏微分方程时很常见。

共轭梯度法也可以用于求解无约束的最优化问题。

双共轭梯度法提供了一种处理非对称矩阵情况的推广。

In mathematics, the conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is symmetric and positive-definite. The conjugate gradient method is often implemented as an iterative algorithm, applicable to sparse systems that are too large to be handled by a direct implementation or other direct methods such as the Cholesky decomposition. Large sparse systems often arise when numerically solving partial differential equations or optimization problems.