镧系收缩是指在镧系元素——从镧（57）到镥（71）——的原子半径和离子半径在总体上比预期值小的现象，以及与它相关的一系列效应。

4f

Lanthanide contraction is a term used in chemistry to describe the greater-than-expected decrease in ionic radii of the elements in the lanthanide series from atomic number 57, lanthanum, to 71, lutetium, which results in smaller than otherwise expected ionic radii for the subsequent elements starting with 72, hafnium. The term was coined by the Norwegian geochemist Victor Goldschmidt in his series "Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente".