矛头蝮属（学名：Bothrops），又称枪蝰、矛头蛇、黄腭蛇，是蛇亚目蝰蛇科蝮亚科下的一个有毒蛇属，主要分布于中美洲及南美洲地区。其学名「Bothrops」源自希腊语「Bothros」及「ops」，意指「洞」及「眼睛（或脸颊）」，象征矛头蝮鼻孔附近的的颊窝（热能传感器官）。头部狭小，呈三角形，因此俗称「矛头（Lancehead）」。矛头蝮在美洲导致许多宗人类遭其咬伤致死的事件，其为祸情况比其它毒蛇更严重。目前共有32个物种已被确认。

Bothrops is a genus of pitvipers endemic to Central and South America. The generic name, Bothrops, is derived from the Greek words βόθρος, bothros, meaning "pit", and ώπς, ops, meaning "eye" or "face", together an allusion to the heat-sensitive loreal pit organs. Members of this genus are responsible for more human deaths in the Americas than any other group of venomous snakes. Currently, 32 species are recognized.