Kinesiology
（重定向自Kinesiologist）
![A series of images that represent research (left) and practice (right) in the field of kinesiology.](/Images/godic/202501/22/Representative_Kinesiology_Images4244.jpg")
![Summary of adaptations to long-term aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise can cause several central cardiovascular adaptations, including an increase in stroke volume (SV)[7] and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 Max),[7][8] as well as a decrease in resting heart rate (RHR).[9][10][11] Long-term adaptations to resistance training, the most common form of anaerobic exercise, include muscular hypertrophy,[12][13] an increase in the physiologic cross-sectional area (PCSA) of (a) muscle(s), and an increase in neural drive,[14][15] both of which lead to increased muscular strength.[16] Notice that the neural adaptation begins more quickly and plateaus prior to the hypertrophic response.[17][18]](/Images/godic/202501/22/Aerobic_Anaerobic_Exercise_Adaptations4244.jpg")
![Adaptive plasticity along with practice in three levels. In behavior level, performance (e.g., successful rate, accuracy) improved after practice.[33][34] In cortical level, motor representation areas of the acting muscles enlarged; functional connectivity between primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) is strengthened.[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] In neuronal level, the number of dendrites and neurotransmitter increase with practice.[36][42][43]](/Images/godic/202501/22/Brain_neuroplasticity_after_practice4244.png")
![Animation illustrating the concept of motor redundancy: the motor action of bringing the finger in contact with a point in space can be achieved using a wide variety of limb configurations.](/Images/godic/202501/22/Motor_Redundancy_Animation4244.gif")
Kinesiology is the scientific study of human or non-human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, biomechanical, and psychological mechanisms. Applications of kinesiology to human health (i.e. human Kinesiology) include biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise. Studies of human and animal motion include measures from motion tracking systems, electrophysiology of muscle and brain activity, various methods for monitoring physiological function, and other behavioral and cognitive research techniques.