HDF（英语：Hierarchical Data Format）指一种为存储和处理大容量科学数据设计的文档格式及相应库文档。HDF最早由NCSA开发，目前在非盈利组织HDF小组维护下继续发展。当前流行的版本是HDF5。

HDF5文档包含两种基本数据对象：

群组和数据集都支持元数据，用户可以自定义其属性，提供附加信息。

HDF现在被众多商业与非商业平台支持，包括Java，MATLAB/Scilab，Octave，IDL，Python 和 R。

Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) is a set of file formats (HDF4, HDF5) designed to store and organize large amounts of data. Originally developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, it is supported by The HDF Group, a non-profit corporation whose mission is to ensure continued development of HDF5 technologies and the continued accessibility of data stored in HDF.