Most frequently, adenocarcinoma develops as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD for short.

最常见的一种情况是胃食管反流（简称GERD）导致食管腺癌。

So gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

因此，胃食管反流病，即GERD，指由于过多的胃酸反流回食管而引起的烧心、反酸等症状。

Finally, at the lower esophageal sphincter, the squamous epithelium joins the columnar gastric epithelium to form the gastroesophageal junction.

最后，在食管下括约肌处，食管鳞状上皮移行为胃柱状上皮，形成了胃-食管交界区。

Heartburn starts in an area called the gastroesophageal junction, where the LES resides.

胃灼热始于 LES 所在的称为胃食管交界处的区域。

Obesity can cause hernias that disrupt the anti-reflux barrier of the gastroesophageal junction that normally protects against heartburn.

肥胖会导致疝气，破坏通常防止胃灼热的胃食管连接处的抗反流屏障。

For chronic laryngitis, it's important to treat the underlying issue, for example, using allergy medication, avoiding irritating agents, and using gastroesophageal reflux medications.

对于慢性喉炎，处理原发病很重要，比如施用抗过敏药物、避开过敏原以及施用抗胃食管反流药物。

Ok, now the most common symptom of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease is pyrosis, also called heartburn, which is a burning pain in the chest, just behind behind the breastbone.

慢性胃食管反流病最常见的症状是胃灼热，也叫烧心，就是胸骨后烧灼感。

Reflux laryngitis is another cause of chronic laryngitis and develops in people with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease where acid from the stomach goes all the way up the esophagus into the pharynx.

反流性喉炎是另一个慢性喉炎的病因，见于严重胃食管反流病的患者：胃酸通过食管，向上进入咽部。

Alright, as a quick recap, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a condition where a decreased tone of the lower esophageal sphincter causes an excessive amount of stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

得！快速回顾一下：胃食管反流病（即GERD）是一种食管下括约肌张力下降导致过多胃酸反流回食管的疾病。