Estrogen
![Estradiol. Note one hydroxyl group attached to the D ring. The 'di' refers both to this hydroxyl and the one on the A ring (leftmost).](/Images/godic/202501/06/Estradiol.svg3809.png")
![Estriol. Note two hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to the D ring (rightmost ring).](/Images/godic/202501/06/Estriol.svg3809.png")
![Estrone. Note the ketone (=O) group attached to the D ring.](/Images/godic/202501/06/Estrone_structure.svg3809.png")
![Reference ranges for the blood content of estradiol, the primary type of estrogen, during the menstrual cycle.](/Images/godic/202501/06/Estradiol_during_menstrual_cycle3809.png")
Estrogen or oestrogen (see spelling differences) is the primary female sex hormone and is responsible for development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Estrogen may also refer to any substance, natural or synthetic, that mimics the effects of the natural hormone. The steroid 17β-estradiol is the most potent and prevalent endogenous estrogen, although several metabolites of estradiol also have estrogenic hormonal activity. Synthetic estrogens are used as part of some oral contraceptives, in estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women, and in hormone replacement therapy for trans women.