Virial theorem
In mechanics, the virial theorem provides a general equation that relates the average over time of the total kinetic energy, ![\left\langle T \right\rangle](/Images/godic/202501/04/3e2c02e5c3a34e2f438f0d70903b632a3005.png")
, of a stable system consisting of N particles, bound by potential forces, with that of the total potential energy, ![\left\langle V_\text{TOT} \right\rangle](/Images/godic/202501/04/c38888f07a86192dae9ad0829de2a0b83005.png")
, where angle brackets represent the average over time of the enclosed quantity. Mathematically, the theorem states