鲁道夫·朱利叶斯·埃曼努埃尔·克劳修斯（Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius，1822年1月2日－1888年8月24日），德国物理学家和数学家，热力学的主要奠基人之一。他重新陈述了尼古拉·卡诺的定律（又被称为卡诺循环），把热理论推至一个更真实更健全的基础。他最重要的论文于1850年发表，该论文是关于热的力学理论的，其中首次明确指出热力学第二定律的基本概念。他还于1855年引进了熵的概念。

Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (born Rudolf Gottlieb; 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888), was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he put the theory of heat on a truer and sounder basis. His most important paper, On the Moving Force of Heat, published in 1850, first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy. In 1870 he introduced the virial theorem which applied to heat.